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現在の法律 |
先日下院を通過し、上院へ送られた法案 |
今回法律となったHR2751 |
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One-Up, One Down Traceback |
All-Up, All down Traceback |
All-Up, All down Traceback including importers and exporters |
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Little Enforcement |
Major Enforcement |
Major Enforcement follows H.R. 2749 |
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Farms, Restaurants and Groceries exempt, ambiguous link to the farm |
Farms, Restaurants and Groceries included, clear traceback document links to the farm |
Some Farms, Restaurants are exempt, but HACCP for all facilities with clear traceback links to the farm |
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Any form of records |
Only electronic records |
Electronic records or FDA mandatory inspection without notice |
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Voluntary Recall |
Mandatory Recall |
Mandatory Recall |
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Reasonable Record Access by FDA |
Mandatory Immediate Access to Records |
Mandatory Immediate Access to Records |
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No facility registration fees required |
US-$ 500 facility registration fee required every year |
No facility registration fees required |
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Any type of lot code identifier |
Unique traceback identifier for product coding with standardized recordkeeping |
Testing Labs must report all food contamination to FDA with unique food code |
米国に食品を輸出する場合、この新しい法律（111-353）にそって対応を考える必要があります。特に、自社の一つ前、一つ後のトレーサビリティではなく、すべてのトレーサビリティーの把握と、電子情報による管理、また、ＦＤＡから要求があった場合に即座の報告が求められており、コストアップの要因となりかねません。米国の輸入食品にも義務付けられました。現在米国への食品の輸出をしている、もしくは、今後検討する場合、対策が必要です。一つの解決方法として、この後に紹介する、ＳｃｏｒｉｎｇＡｇのサービスがあります。このサービスは、クラウド技術を生かし、サーバーを個別に持つ必要がなく、最初からのトレーサビリティーを管理できるサービスです。農家はインターネット接続可能な一般のパソコン以外の特別な初期投資をする必要がなく、＄０．５５/（たとえば、牛1頭あたり）で利用できます。（現在は英語のみのサービス）
●新法律に関するFAQ （Claire McCaskill 議員 - United States Senatorの１月１２日コメントから引用）
P.L. 111-353: Frequently Asked Questions
Will P.L. 111-353 outlaw home gardens and family farms? NO.
P.L. 111-353 does not outlaw home gardens or family farms. In fact, the bill explicitly states that the produce standards “shall not apply to produce that is produced by an individual for personal consumption.” In addition, the bill also contains an exemption from regulations for small facilities and small farms, which was purposefully included to protect America’s family farms. This includes food sold through farmers‟ markets, bake sales, road side stands, public events, community supported agriculture, and organizational fundraisers.
Will P.L. 111-353 criminalize seed savings? NO.
P.L. 111-353 does not create any new rules in regard to the practice of saving seeds for use from year to year, and does not outlaw, criminalize, or require any specific agricultural or growing practice.
Will P.L. 111-353 outlaw traditional organic growing methods? NO.
Section 105 of S.510 explicitly states that new produce safety standards cannot “include any requirements that conflict with or duplicate the requirements of the national organic program.”
Will P.L. 111-353 bring everyone who grows any food under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security? NO.
P.L. 111-353 maintains the same food safety jurisdiction that exists under current law.
Will P.L. 111-353 include new recordkeeping requirements for farms? NO.
P.L. 111-353 does not require that farms keep any new food safety-related records.
Will P.L. 111-353 charge farms and small businesses new registration fees? NO.
P.L. 111-353 does not charge registration fees of any kind.
Will P.L. 111-353 imprison people who sell raw milk? NO.
P.L. 111-353 does not establish any restrictions on the sale of raw milk. The bill merely directs the FDA to review existing regulatory hazard analysis and preventive control programs in existence, such as the Grade “A” Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, before creating any new hazard analysis and preventive control rules.
Will P.L. 111-353 require American food producers or farmers to be subject to WHO rules, UN food safety standards, or Codex Alimentarius? NO.
P.L. 111-353 requires the FDA to come up with a plan to work with foreign countries that import food into the United States to ensure that Americans who purchase imported products can be assured of their safety, but does not require the adoption of any international standards. The bill also explicitly clarifies that dietary supplements remain subject to U.S. jurisdiction, not the Codex Alimenatrius.
Will P.L. 111-353 require farms and more facilities to register with the FDA? NO.
Under the Bioterrorism Act of 2002, certain food businesses were considered “facilities” and had to register with FDA. Farms and restaurants were exempted. This definition is not changed in P.L. 111-353. If an entity does not need to register now, it will not need to register under P.L. 111-353.
Will P.L. 111-353 give the FDA new authority to inspect farms? NO.
P.L. 111-353 increases inspections for registered food facilities but does not hange FDA‟s jurisdiction over farms.
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